Application of ergonomics in human body furniture
Nowadays, in our daily life, in addition to natural landscapes such as blue sky, earth and green plants, everything we look at is man-made objects, such as our houses, the tables and chairs we use, sofas and beds indoors, and the constant flow of vehicles and cars outside the window. Spacious roads etc. In the real world, we have been experiencing a physical world designed by ourselves. The rapid advancement of science and technology has gradually increased the status of ergonomics. For us, the emerging discipline of ergonomics is worth thinking about and studying. It is inextricably linked to our activities.
When it comes to ergonomics, we will combine it with modernization and industrialization. Its emergence is also gradual. Even in the distant ancient times, we can still feel the existence of ergonomics from ancient cultural relics.
Since the beginning of human civilization, people have improved their quality of life. In practical labor, the latent consciousness of this subject emerges. When we compare the newer and Paleolithic utensils, we will find that they have changed from the earliest roughness to a softer and smoother surface, and people can make better use of them. Another example is the pottery and other utensils used by ancient people for daily use. There are ear-shaped protrusions at the bottom, which are convenient for people to lift. It is both beautiful and functional.
From a material perspective, every product that serves human beings must comply with the standards of the human body. Just like our writing desk, the height of the desk is an important factor. When writing at the desk, you need to keep a clear head. If the table height is lower than a certain value, it will cause the spine to curve. If it remains like this for a long time, the consequences will be serious. The spine will be fatigued, the blood will not flow smoothly, the hands and feet will feel sore and numb, and in severe cases, the blood supply to the brain will be insufficient, which will greatly reduce work efficiency and cause harm. healthy. Therefore, product design must be considered according to human body standards, otherwise it will lose its meaning.
From a spiritual point of view, people's psychological feelings about the product are also very important, just like different colors will bring different feelings to people in different situations, whether they are joyful and relaxing or tense and serious. Therefore, we can look at it this way: material design is far from enough, and spiritual satisfaction is the key.
Chair furniture design：
The representative of human body furniture is chair furniture. The most basic function of a seat is to provide support for people to sit. However, on the premise of meeting this basic function, well-designed seats should meet people's psychological and physiological needs in terms of function, size and material feel, thereby improving people's efficiency in working or resting.
1. Types of chair furniture
The main design points of a task chair are comfort and stability. It must have a seat surface with even force and support points for the waist. It is mainly used in work and meeting environments. For example, the study chair that a child sits on when studying should take into account the great changes in body size of children during their growth period and the great individual differences. Office chairs should focus on different design points according to different office groups and office forms. Those who move around frequently need to be small and flexible, without the need for armrests. Those who work efficiently for a long time must have reasonable lumbar support, armrests and even headrests. Some even have It needs to fit in with the corporate image. If it is high-intensity work, you should consider sitting work chairs and standing work chairs to relieve people's fatigue and maintain a stable working state. Dining chairs also need to be designed when dining. Bad design will affect people's digestive system and indirectly cause problems such as loss of appetite and indigestion.
Rest chairs can meet people's needs for reading or chatting without making people feel nervous. For example, a sofa, a high-rise rest chair, can be divided into single-seat, three-seat and multi-seat sofas. The structure usually uses a wooden frame or a metal frame, with a cotton cushion or spring, and the outer cover is made of cotton, linen, leather or fiber cloth. At the same time, the color, shape and surface texture of the sofa can also play a role in improving the space environment.
2. The relationship between chair furniture and people
First of all, the seat surface that we have the closest contact with is the seat surface. According to the analysis of body pressure distribution in sitting posture, we can know that the pressure of the flat seat surface is mostly exerted on the buttocks, and there will be no pressure on the inner thighs, so the comfort is high. . However, once the seat surface is curved, the pressure will be dispersed, and there will be a strong sense of pressure on the inner thighs, greatly reducing the comfort. However, we can add seat cushions on the original basis, which can increase the stress area by about 900mm² to 1050mm², and reduce the pressure by 20%, reducing the fatigue felt. In addition, if the seat cushion is slightly raised around it, it will make it easier for people to sit in it stably. At the same time, we must also consider a reasonable seat depth, which can well support the lumbar spine. There must be a certain distance between the front edge of the seat surface and the knee socket, and a moderate depth. The seat depth of this kind of chair is about 360~430mm. The seat depth of a rest chair is approximately 400 to 500mm. Comparing work chairs and rest chairs, the inclination angles of the seats between them are also different. The inclination angle of the latter is generally larger, making it easier to relax and achieve the purpose of rest. The inclination angle of the work chair is almost 3°. Proper forward tilting of the seat surface can make people work more efficiently.
Most seats also have armrests, which provide support points for the arms, reduce the pressure on the shoulders, back and buttocks, help the upper limb muscles rest, and increase the sense of security. They serve as a fulcrum to reduce the urge to stand up after sitting for a long time. Difficulty, the height of the armrests of general rest chairs is 200~250mm. If it is a seat with a large backrest angle, it must also be equipped with a headrest to support the head, neck and back to relax the muscles.
Summary：
Ergonomics is developed through a lot of practice and experience. Whenever it is related to people, there will be problems with the application of ergonomics. For example, if you want to cut a piece of clothing, you have to know the basic size of the human body, the style of clothes you like, the colors that suit your age, and each person's hobbies and needs. It is more like starting from the psychological aspect. Furthermore, if you want to design a treadmill, you must understand the functional characteristics of human movement, the range and size of the body's trunk, and the adaptation requirements under abnormal circumstances, etc. In short, ergonomics covers a wide range of practical applications. In reality, there are still many shortcomings that deserve our analysis and thinking, and we must adhere to the people-oriented approach and strive to improve.
